
Summary:
Children, especially with gene variants associated with autism, may benefit from supplementation from mother around conception to reduce risk of developing autism. In other words, the mothers taking supplements around conception may decrease the likelihood of children developing autism. Further research is still needed to determine mechanisms, but it appears to deal with one-carbon metabolism genetic variations.
Abstract:
Background
Causes of autism are unknown. Associations with maternal nutritional factors and their interactions with gene variants have not been reported.
Methods
Northern California families were enrolled from 2003–2009 in the CHARGE (CHildhood Autism Risks from Genetics and Environment) population-based case-control study. Children aged 24–60 months were evaluated and confirmed to have autism (n = 288), autism spectrum disorder (n = 141), or typical development (n = 278) at the University of California–Davis Medical Investigation of Neurodevelopmental Disorders Institute using standardized clinical assessments. We calculated adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for associations between autism and retrospectively collected maternal vitamin intake before and during pregnancy. We explored interaction effects with functional genetic variants involved in one-carbon metabolism (MTHFR, COMT, MTRR, BHMT, FOLR2, CBS, and TCN2) as carried by the mother or child.
Results
Mothers of children with autism were less likely than those of typically developing children to report having taken prenatal vitamins during the three months before pregnancy or the first month of pregnancy (OR = 0.62 [95% confidence interval = 0.42–0.93]). Significant interaction effects were observed for maternal MTHFR 677 TT, CBS rs234715 GT+TT, and child COMT 472 AA genotypes, with greater risk for autism when mothers did not report taking prenatal vitamins periconceptionally (4.5 [1.4–14.6]; 2.6 [1.2–5.4]; and 7.2 [2.3–22.4], respectively). Greater risk was also observed for children whose mothers had other one-carbon metabolism pathway gene variants and reported no maternal prenatal vitamin intake.
Conclusions
Periconceptional use of prenatal vitamins may reduce the risk of having children with autism, especially for genetically susceptible mothers and children. Replication and mechanistic investigations are warranted.
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